A doctor may insert a needle into the belly to withdraw fluid to see whether there is a hole in the intestine. In severe cases, air escapes from the intestine and shows up in the large veins of the liver or the abdominal cavity. This looks like a bubbly or streaky appearance of gas in the walls of the intestine. In babies with symptoms of NEC, a diagnosis can be confirmed if an abnormal gas pattern shows up on an X-ray. p How Is Necrotizing Enterocolitis Diagnosed? Babies with NEC usually develop it within the first 2–4 weeks of life. But full-term babies who have health problems, like a heart defect, also can have it. Most cases of necrotizing enterocolitis are in babies born before 32 weeks gestation. This is one reason all nurseries and NICUs have very strict precautions to help prevent the spread of infection. NEC does not spread from one baby to another, but a virus or bacteria that cause it can.
Virusesand bacteria occasionally have been found in babies with NEC. NEC sometimes seems to happen in "clusters," affecting several infants in the same nursery.
formula feeding ( breastfed babies have a lower risk of NEC). viral or bacterial infection of the intestine. heavy growth of bacteria in the intestine that erodes the intestinal wall. too little oxygen or blood flow to the intestine at birth or later. 
an underdeveloped (premature) intestine. But experts believe these things might play a role: In most cases, a specific cause isn't found. There is no single consistent cause of necrotizing enterocolitis. Symptoms of NEC can vary from baby to baby, and be like those caused by other digestive problems. diarrhea and/or dark or bloody stools (poop). food staying in the stomach longer than expected. What Are the Signs & Symptoms of Necrotizing Enterocolitis?Ī baby with necrotizing enterocolitis might have these symptoms: The injured intestine, or sections of it, may die and need to be removed. Waste may pass into the baby's abdomen and make the baby very sick. Soīacteriamay pass into the bloodstream and cause a life-threatening infection. In NEC, the intestine can no longer hold waste. This can lead to death of intestinal tissue and, in some cases, a hole (perforation) in the intestinal wall. It happens when tissue in the small or large intestine is injured or inflamed. Necrotizing enterocolitis (nek-roh-TIE-zing en-ter-oh-coh-LIE-tis), or NEC, is the most common and serious intestinal disease among premature babies.
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